When aircraft veers off or overruns the runway during landing or takeoff, this is called a runway excursion. After this happens, aircraft cannot operate independently. Therefore, it must be removed from the runway. That way, it doesn’t lead to long runway closure.
Process of moving the aircraft from the incident area to repair area is called aircraft recovery. Aircraft recovery is a very complex process. Also, it carries a lot of risks.
The actual aircraft recovery operation may be outsourced to the airport operator or other third parties. In most scenarios, this will support the timely removal of the disabled aircraft, especially if the aircraft operator does not have the resources to execute the aircraft recovery operation.
Aircraft manufacture issue document called aircraft recovery manual (ARM) which contain comprehensive details relative to the procedures, planning, equipment and tooling to effectively recover the aircraft
Author – Zinhom Mahmoud (Aviation Training Consultant at EgyptAir)