Both takeoff and landing present unique challenges for an aircraft pilot. During takeoff, the pilot must ensure that the aircraft gains enough speed for lift-off while also maintaining control and monitoring various systems. Landing requires careful coordination of altitude, speed, and angle of approach to ensure a smooth touchdown. Both phases of flight demand skill, precision, and attention to detail from the pilot.
However, in my opinion, landing is far more challenging. This answer applies mainly to small single engine planes like the ones I fly but most of the concepts are applicable to larger planes.
Taking off requires the pilot to configure the plane for takeoff (set the flaps, trim, mixture in a small plane) per the procedures of the plane being flown. All of this is done while the plane is at rest, so not too difficult. Then taxi onto the runway, put in takeoff power, keep the plane pointed down the runway correcting for adverse yaw and wind (the main part that requires skill and practice), ensure the gauges read normally, and pull back gently on the yoke when the plane reaches rotation speed. From there, ensure the proper pitch to maintain the correct rate of climb, retract the flaps per the aircraft procedures, and continue to climb until reaching cruise altitude.
Landing starts well before you touch down. You must first “slow down and come down.” There are different speeds to achieve at different phases of the landing process depending on the model of plane. These are achieved by a combination of adjusting the pitch and power setting, as well as the correct configuration (flaps, landing gear). You are typically flying “the traffic pattern” around the runway, so you are turning, communicating with air traffic control or other traffic, and looking out for other traffic as well, all while relatively close to the ground. Depending on the wind, you are making constant corrections to keep the plane appropriately oriented, and at the correct pitch and power setting to maintain a “stabilized approach.” As you approach the “final” leg for the runway you have to keep the plane aligned with the centerline of the runway with a combination of rudder and aileron while also continuing to maintain a stabilized approach. Then as you cross the runway threshold you will change from a nose-down attitude to a nose-level attitude, before finally raising the nose (“flaring”) when you are just above the runway to gently touch down. Any issues must be quickly corrected, such as ballooning, porpoising, etc. but these are mostly avoided with a stabilized approach. After the plane touches down you need to use the rudder to keep the plane going straight down the runway as it slows, until you are slow enough that you can safely taxi off the runway.
This all becomes easier and routine the more it is practiced,, but takes far more practice to become competent than does taking off.
The answer should be clear by now. Let me just put it this way:
When you take off, you’re aiming for the sky, and there’s a lot of it.
When you land, you’re aiming for a very specific point on the ground.
“Always make sure your number of take offs is equal to your landings.”
Note following explanation for a better understanding.
- Takeoff:
- Speed management: The pilot must carefully manage the aircraft’s speed during takeoff, ensuring it reaches the necessary velocity for lift-off without exceeding any safety limits.
- Engine performance: Monitoring the engines’ power output and ensuring they are functioning optimally is crucial for a successful takeoff.
- Weight and balance: The aircraft’s weight distribution affects its handling characteristics during takeoff, so pilots must consider factors like fuel load, passenger distribution, and cargo placement.
- Runway length: The length of the runway available for takeoff can impact the takeoff distance required, especially for aircraft with high takeoff speeds or heavy loads.
- Weather conditions: Adverse weather conditions, such as strong crosswinds or low visibility, can pose additional challenges during takeoff, requiring pilots to adjust their techniques accordingly.
- Landing:
- Approach and descent: Pilots must carefully plan the approach and descent path to ensure a safe landing. This involves monitoring the aircraft’s altitude, speed, and rate of descent while considering factors like air traffic control instructions, runway length, and obstacles.
- Landing zone assessment: Pilots must assess the landing zone for any potential hazards or obstructions, such as other aircraft, vehicles, or wildlife, and make adjustments to ensure a safe touchdown.
- Flare and touchdown: During the final moments of landing, the pilot performs a flare maneuver to reduce the descent rate and gradually transition from descent to level flight just above the runway. Timing and coordination are crucial to achieve a smooth touchdown.
- Crosswind and gusts: Crosswinds, especially strong or gusty ones, can make landings challenging. Pilots need to apply corrective techniques to maintain control and ensure a safe landing.
- Braking and deceleration: Once the aircraft touches down, the pilot must manage braking and deceleration to bring the aircraft to a safe stop within the available runway distance.
It’s important to note that the complexity of takeoff and landing can vary depending on factors such as the type of aircraft, airport facilities, weather conditions, and pilot experience. Continuous training, experience, and adherence to standard operating procedures are essential for pilots to handle these challenges effectively.
By – Brian McCallion & Aeropeep Team